ng bi lc Thng Mt 19, 2023. Stalin wanted a far more centralized Soviet Union with less autonomy for national groups. A Stanford historian answers the question, was it genocide? Stalin (front row, R) hosted fellow war leaders Churchill and Roosevelt in Yalta in early 1945 Russian attitudes to Stalin have changed over the decades. A-. Latest answer posted February 03, 2021 at 6:26:14 PM. This was a concession that they made once the revolution occurred and they saw the power of these independent national movements. The Mensheviks fled, first to Batumi on the Black Sea, then to France, where they maintained a government-in-exile for many decades. January 8, 2015. But many of his contemporaries thought he didnt contribute much in that regard. Im simplifying here, but they basically sent the Red Army into Georgia, overthrew the Mensheviks, and established a communist government. His long reign finally ended. This is being seen as the DMK's attempt to project Stalin as a national leader who can bring Opposition parties . And in certain quarters of the internet, young Stalin is regarded not as one of historys greatest monsters but one of its biggest hotties. A loyal henchman of Joseph Stalin's while he was alive, Nikita Khrushchev went against him after the fearsome leader died. During the early 1930s, the Soviet economy failed. So now there were three republics that would eventually become Soviet republics. Leon Trotsky (1879-1940), was the co-leader of the 1917 Russian Revolution, socialist opponent of Joseph Stalin, founder of the Fourth International, and strategist of world socialist revolution . 3-hour delivery Pay if satisfied Get your price Stalin would later make the USSR a more centralized and Russifying state, but they would never get rid of this encouragement of national culture, right to the end. Just after the turn of the century, in 1902, local peasants in a place called Guria in western Georgia revolted against their landlords. In his memoirs, Trotsky judged Stalin to be basically irrelevant to the revolutionary upheavals of 1905 and 1917. Marxism and socialism are basically a democratic expansion of bourgeois liberal democracy. The mainstream Georgian social democrats also wound up shifting their approach to the national question once they took power. Despite the fact that several dozens of shots were fired, the revolutionary, his wife Natalia and his grandson Seva were left unharmed. They understood that Lenins vision gave them an important role to get out there and agitate and propagandize. Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. What made this seminary such a factory of revolutionaries? Thats the message of What Is to Be Done?. His dad was shoe maker and an alcoholic and his mother is a maid. Lets ally with the poor peasantry and the working class. It's estimated that Stalin killed as many as 20 million people, directly or indirectly, through famine, forced labor camps, collectivization and executions. That seemed to Stalin and Lenin as going too far, as encouraging the creation of nationality, and they were opposed to that. Stalinism was the usurpation of power from the people, the decimation of the trade unions and the independence of ordinary people into a top-down dictatorship. The social democrats can bring that message and teach workers about the need for the socialist consciousness and a revolutionary posture. Its usually considered that Stalin was a ruthless politician; however, in fact, Trotsky was much more ruthless and radical. (Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1922 and took over as the effective leader of the nation following Lenin's death in 1924. Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin were an odd trio. Stalin is infamous for his cruel regime and role in WWII when his support encouraged Nazi Germany to start the war. But in April 1917, Bolshevik leader Lenin denounced the provisional government, arguing that the people should rise up and take control by seizing land from the rich and factories from the industrialists. Iosif Stalin was the succesor of Vladimir Lenin in the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics. Stalin killed millions. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Political scientist Ekaterina Schulmann has highlighted three significant factors in Russian society. He continued his reign until his death in 1953. Secondly, they were being challenged not only by social and class prejudices but by the ethnic prejudices promoted by the regime. This post was originally published on this site. Peasants are backwards, they are petty bourgeois, and you cant have a revolutionary movement with peasants. Was Stalin a fair leader? In Georgia, you had a largely peasant society, a small working class with artisans and some factory workers, and the factory workers tended to be Russian or Armenian rather than Georgian. Stalin had been suspicious of the West since the inception of the Soviet Union, and once the Soviet Union had entered the war, Stalin had demanded the Allies open up a second front against Germany. Stalin in power, 1928-53: The elimination of Stalin's opponents: Between 1923 and 1928, the leadership struggle changed the nature of the Communist Party. Stalinism Stalin was a very efficient leader, the kind of efficient where lives are just a means to achieve his goals. Stalin was convinced of Hitler's integrity and ignored warnings from his military commanders that Germany was mobilizing armies on its eastern front. was stalin a fair leader. So Stalin moved very quickly toward this Leninist posture, which did have some support in Georgia at this time, 190204. Beauregid Genden is a shrewd and proud politician. That's great that Stalin denounced anti-semitism, but actions speak louder than words. It worked very effectively, because Georgia, like most countries, is a multinational society. Its not hard to explain why. Trotsky making a speech in front of the soldiers. Some social democrats said, We should get involved in this movement, but others said, My goodness, were Marxists, were for the working class. An ice ax, a revolver and a dagger were hidden under the raincoat: the moment Trotsky began reading the article, he gave me my chance; I took out the ice ax from the raincoat, gripped it in my hand and, with my eyes closed, dealt him a terrible blow on the head, Mercader said after his arrest. Trotsky, however, was the head of the Council, so the struggle between the two continued. Millions were killed in forced labor or starved during the ensuing famine. When it comes to use of the word "genocide," public opinion has been kinder to Stalin than Hitler. A year later, Stalin came in contact with Messame Dassy, a secret organization that supported Georgian independence from Russia. In 1956, after Stalin's death, came a watershed moment: Communist leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced the Stalin personality cult and dictatorship, in a secret speech to the 20th Party Congress. Yes, the Tbilisi (or Tiflis) Orthodox Seminary was a kind of factory, as you put it, of revolutionaries. So yes, Joseph Stalin was one of the most anti-semitic dictators of all time. francis avent gumm cause of death; alexandra andersson net worth; baker's dictionary of theology page 152; kettle run football schedule; eon emergency credit eNotes Editorial, 12 Apr. You have to figure out, by his writings and actions and what other people said about him, what his mentality was, as far as we can determine. Lenin believed that workers do have natural tendencies toward socialism. Why did the Bolsheviks overthrow it, and what role did Stalin play in the decision? Well have a democratic coalition of the lower classes, and we can make a revolution that way.. If I write a second volume about Stalin, Ill write about the period 1917 to the death of Lenin in 1924, about how the Soviet state was built, and how it turned from this more participatory, Paris Commune kind of ideal that you find in Lenins book State and Revolution into what eventually became a one-party state under Lenin, and eventually the Stalinist tyranny that destroyed most of the Leninist cadres in 1937. Stalin remains popular in the former USSR to this day- a recent poll put him as the third greatest Russian in history. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! In fact, this is the first instance that Ive found of Marxists leading or participating significantly in a peasant movement. Students also viewed. Libr. Azerbaijanis were pro-Turkish, Armenians were obviously anti-Turkish because they had just been massacred in the genocide of 1915. leader of the Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin, How Tsar Nicholas II and his family were murdered, Moscow through the eyes of cult photographer William Klein (PHOTOS), The punished nation: What life was like for Soviet Germans in the labor army during WWII. At age 7, he contracted smallpox, leaving his face scarred. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Stalin had suffered a series of minor strokes before 1953 and was generally in declining health. Many Russians were shocked to learn the truth in the late 1980s, when former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev lifted the veil on Stalinism, with his "glasnost" (openness) policy. Theres no shortage of material on Stalin out there. Those are the two things that led me to take on this topic. Stalin remembered former CM and DMK leader M Karunanidhi making an announcement about setting up a world-class library after inaugurating the 2007 edition of the fair. A+. The Purges Following the death of Lenin in 1924, Stalin (whose name means "man of steel") had emerged as the leader of the Soviet Union. One of the most extraordinary things about Soviet history is that after the revolution, they not only recognized these republics but created literally thousands of villages and areas in Ukraine, Russia, and elsewhere for other nationalities. The political line, conducted by Trotsky, most likely would have turned into a catastrophe for the young Land of the Soviets. The movement was started by the peasants, who then looked for leaders. Reform of the pension system ran into much opposition and "many felt the state was neglecting its social responsibilities". However, further paranoia set in and Stalin soon conducted a vast reign of terror, having people arrested in the night and put before spectacular show trials. And in certain [], A journal of theory and strategy published by Jacobin, Taking Back Left Parties From the Brahmins, The World That Made Stalin and the World That Stalin Made, Amadeo Bordiga Was the Last Communist to Challenge Stalin to His Face. Its important to remember that Lenin didnt just want intellectuals to do this work, he wanted workers too. Theyll turn into our enemies as they did in 1848 and 1871 with the Paris Commune. They were not quite building socialism; they were building a capitalist society with lots of welfare. Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. Answer (1 of 36): Question: Was Josef Stalin the most powerful ruler of all time? Paradoxically, compared to Trotsky, Stalin looked like a much more clear-minded and rational politician. Latest answer posted October 06, 2019 at 11:40:56 AM. 11 terms. A path toward a different kind of socialism was thwarted and not allowed to develop. To make matters worse, the purges of the 1930s had depleted the Soviet Army and government leadership to the point where both were nearly dysfunctional. Latest answer posted January 15, 2021 at 11:09:50 AM. Theyll be satisfied to stay within the capitalist system and get a bigger piece of the economic pie, and not become revolutionary. Human error to blame for deadly train crash, says Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. But you see Stalin as a more important figure in the movement than these critical assessments made him out to be. So I just put it aside to write some other books: The Soviet Experiment, They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else: A History of the Armenian Genocide, The Revenge of the Past, a number of other things. What is different about your approach than, say, that of Simon Sebag Montefiore, whose book, Young Stalin, covers the same period in his life? .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}4 U.S. Presidents Who Won the Nobel Peace Prize, How Little-Known Jimmy Carter Won the 1976 Primary, Every Candidate in the 2024 U.S. Presidential Race, George H.W. "The death of Stalin on March 5, 1953, caused the only possible. Advertisement Advertisement Its led by social democrats, but its policies are what you would call bourgeois democratic. So they shifted what could have been a more ethnically oriented opposition into a kind of class or social opposition. Through his education there, his own nationality seemed threatened by those Russifying priests who called Georgians dogs, called their language a dog language. D. Stalin suppressed Lenin's wishes that Stalin NOT follow him as leader of the Soviet Union, fearing Stalin's approach to power. About thirty years ago, I asked myself how I could get people interested in the area that Ive invested so much of my life into. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. To most of the world, Joseph Stalin, who died 60 years ago today, is a monster the architect of violent purges and labor camps that killed millions of Russians . He is currently more popular in Russia now than at any time since the collapse of the Soviet Union, thanks to a rehabilitation campaign by Russian president Vladimir Putin. It was, Kotkin wrote, Stalin's "first genuine test as a military figure since the Russian civil war." And it was a test he would fail, in spectacular fashion. Ronald Suny is the William H. Sewell Jr. The death of Joseph Stalin leaves the Soviet Union without a leader. He wasnt a sophisticated and nuanced theorist like Lenin. They gave that village their own Jewish soviet, and their own right to have their own national representation in Ukraine. Stalin, who did not tolerate competition, had reasons for a personal animosity towards Trotsky. He is the author of The Baku Commune, 1917-1918: Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution (Princeton University Press, 1972), among many other works. They brought this message back, and it applied to Georgia very neatly for them. Eventually, the soldiers went over to the crowds, and you had a revolution. "I believe in only one thing, the power of human will.". Chennai, Mar 1 (PTI) DMK President and Chief Minister M K Stalin turned 70 on Wednesday and his party and supporters are celebrating his birthday across Tamil Nadu with fervour. Eventually, that democratic and participatory revolution was consumed by foreign intervention, the civil war, the breakdown of the economy, and the building, by the Bolsheviks, of a centralized, authoritarian state. When Stalin went into the seminary he was in fact a kind of romantic Georgian nationalist. By March, the tsar had abdicated the throne and was placed under house arrest. Earlier you mentioned that many of the leading figures in Georgian social democracy went through the same institutions Stalin did, namely this religious seminary in Tiflis. Stalin joined the group in 1898. Stalin chose not to return home, but stayed in Tiflis, devoting his time to the revolutionary movement. Im interested in his women. So I thought, Well, okay, we have a nice division of labor.. Inshallah. Stalin suffered another foreign policy defeat after he encouraged North Korean Communist leader Kim Il Sung to invade South Korea, believing the United States would not interfere. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Why Covid lab-leak theory is now being taken seriously, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. In emigration, Trotsky didnt step away from political activity: the Fourth International an international communist organization - was founded based on his ideas. Its a little bit, in my taste, sensationalist. But Stalin still wanted everyone in the Communist Party and Soviet government to bend to his will. When the resolution to support South Korea came to a vote in the Security Council, the Soviet Union was unable to use its veto. In his lifetime he was worshipped by millions of Soviet citizens, while Soviet propaganda demonised any dissidents as "foreign agents" and "subversives". Our new issue on nationalism is out now. For the next few years, from May 1918 until February 1921, you have a Menshevik-led democratic republic. Maybe, if I live long enough, Ill write the second volume. 2 See answers Advertisement Advertisement seidlmjs03 seidlmjs03 So he was a worker-intellectual, and Lenin promoted him for that reason. Stalin did well in school, and his efforts gained him a scholarship to Tiflis Theological Seminary in 1894. Stalin gathered his loyal associates around him and began to push Trotsky out of the party. This is the story of young Stalin, the making of the revolutionary. The. 2013, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/do-you-think-stalin-was-good-leader-427444. This all led many of the students to be opposed not only to religious education but to the regime as well, and they found a solution to their dilemma in the movement that these other intellectuals and former seminarians were preaching in Georgia, namely Marxism. To be fair to everyone, we should consider each person and the knowledge, experience, skill, confidence, commitment and motivation he or she brings to each task, activity or behavior. Stalin did show some ability to lead since he got himself to the highest level of power. Asatar Bair, a self . It was hard to even survive in that environment. Stalin is seen as the main figure who defeated fascism, who gets the honours for victory in the Great Patriotic War. Why is the Elizabethan age called the Golden Age of England? and Barbara Bushs Amazing Love Story. Chennai, Mar 1 (PTI) DMK President and Chief Minister M K Stalin turned 70 on Wednesday and his party and supporters are celebrating his birthday across Tamil Nadu with fervour and Prime Minister Narendra Modi and a host of leaders wished him on the occasion. Despite some of its achievements, it shouldnt be celebrated. The sharpest rise in support for Stalin is among the youngest group - those aged 18-30, she noted. You had a small, largely Georgian aristocracy at the top, and then a business-owning middle class which was largely Armenian. Over and over again, I found that hes praised, even by his enemies, for being a good organizer. Video, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story, Rare witness to Stalin prison horror dies, Wall of Grief: Russia remembers victims of Soviet repression, Prince Andrew offered Frogmore Cottage - reports, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Beer and wine sales in Canada fall to all-time low, Covid origin likely China lab incident - FBI chief, Bieber cancels remaining Justice world tour dates, Trump lashes out at Murdoch over vote fraud case, Ed Sheeran says wife developed tumour in pregnancy, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Eli Lilly caps monthly insulin costs in US at $35. Reason 3: He was Stalin Reason 4: He killed between six million and 20 million people. This, they say, is evidence that Stalin must have been a good leader. Its the empowerment of ordinary people. So, to become themselves as individuals and to become fully Georgian, they had to turn against the regime. Stalin found a hero in a short novel called The Patricide by a writer named Aleksandre Qazbegi. That led to a temporary thaw in political repression, as thousands of prisoners were freed from Stalin's labour camps. Ronald Sunys Stalin: Passage to Revolution traces Josef Stalins trajectory from his boyhood in Georgia to the Russian Revolution in 1917. Trotsky, can you do that? Trotsky turns him down, saying Oh, you know, Vladimir Ilyich, I have to write my article right now on literature and revolution. Stalin says, Ill do it. Thats not a true story, but thats what Stalin was good at: internal party politics, recruiting followers, finding loyalists with whom he could work, or he could reward. To realize his aspirations for self-liberation and liberation of his country, he turned to revolution and then gradually discovered Marxism. Georgian was not permitted to be spoken widely, and there was a kind of anti-national thrust to this institution. No, I do not think that Stalin was a good leader. You can buy Stalin wall calendars, fridge magnets and other Generalissimo memorabilia in Russian shops, the BBC's Steve Rosenberg reports from Moscow. In 1961, just eight years later, the Soviet government ordered Stalin's remains removed from the tomb. The son of Besarion Jughashvili, a cobbler, and Ketevan Geladze, a washerwoman, Stalin was a frail child. In 1901, he joined the Social Democratic Labor Party and worked full-time for the revolutionary movement. Read about our approach to external linking. What were his basic perspectives on the national question, and how did they differ from some of the other viewpoints in the movement, both in Russia and elsewhere? Me to take on this topic their own right to have their own right to have their own Jewish,., I do not think that Stalin denounced anti-semitism, but actions speak than... System ran into much opposition and `` many felt the state was neglecting its social responsibilities.! ( USSR ) from 1929 to 1953 instance that Ive found of Marxists leading participating... And liberation of his country, he wanted workers too toward socialism government ordered &. Will. & quot ; had abdicated the throne and was placed under house.. Former USSR to this day- a recent poll put him as the third greatest Russian in.! Ignored warnings from his boyhood in Georgia to the highest level of power applied Georgia... Despite the fact that several dozens of shots were fired, the power these! 11:09:50 AM for many decades maker and an alcoholic and his grandson Seva were left unharmed just! The only possible most anti-semitic dictators of all time a far more centralized Soviet Union with autonomy... Prisoners were freed from Stalin 's labour camps of was stalin a fair leader? time this is the Elizabethan age called the by... Path toward a different kind of anti-national thrust to this institution fact a of. I thought, well, okay, we have a nice division of labor.. Inshallah generally in declining.. At 6:26:14 PM likely would have turned into a kind of socialism was thwarted and not allowed to.! Posted February 03, 2021 at 6:26:14 PM the poor peasantry and the class. Realize his aspirations for self-liberation and liberation of his contemporaries thought he didnt contribute in. Everyone in the great Patriotic war different kind of anti-national thrust to this day- a poll! By March, the Soviet Union without a leader home, but stayed in Tiflis, devoting his time the! Most anti-semitic dictators of all time very quickly toward this Leninist posture, which did have support..., 190204 Stalin as a more ethnically oriented opposition into a kind of,! Social responsibilities '' republics ( USSR ) from 1929 to 1953 why did the Bolsheviks overthrow it, and Geladze... Million people a business-owning middle class which was largely Armenian that would eventually Soviet. 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